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Neurosurgery Explained Clearly

Articles written and reviewed by the Brain & Spine Barcelona clinical team on brain surgery, spine surgery and patient guidance.

Sciatica: why it hurts and when to operate
Lumbar Spine

Sciatica: why it hurts and when to operate

What sciatica is, why the pain runs down the leg, when it improves with conservative treatment and when surgery is considered.

Reviewed by Dr. Jhon A. Hoyos · · 7 min
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Sciatica: warning signs you should not ignore
Lumbar Spine

Sciatica: warning signs you should not ignore

When sciatica stops being harmless: loss of strength, bladder or bowel changes and other signs that require urgent assessment.

Reviewed by Dr. Jhon A. Hoyos · · 6 min
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Lumbar spinal stenosis: what it is and why walking is hard
Lumbar Spine

Lumbar spinal stenosis: what it is and why walking is hard

What lumbar canal stenosis is, why it forces you to stop when walking (neurogenic claudication) and when treatment goes from conservative to surgery.

Reviewed by Dr. Jhon A. Hoyos · · 8 min
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When is lumbar stenosis severe and when to operate?
Lumbar Spine

When is lumbar stenosis severe and when to operate?

What makes lumbar stenosis severe, which signs indicate the time to operate has come and what decompression surgery involves.

Reviewed by Dr. Jhon A. Hoyos · · 7 min
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Recommended and discouraged exercises for lumbar stenosis
Lumbar Spine

Recommended and discouraged exercises for lumbar stenosis

Which exercises open the canal and relieve lumbar stenosis, which ones to avoid and how to stay active without triggering leg pain.

Reviewed by Dr. Jhon A. Hoyos · · 6 min
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Herniated disc: symptoms, treatment and when to operate
Spine

Herniated disc: symptoms, treatment and when to operate

What a herniated disc is, its symptoms depending on whether it is lumbar or cervical, when it improves without surgery and when microdiscectomy is the best option.

Reviewed by Dr. Jhon A. Hoyos · · 8 min
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Lumbar fusion: what it is, recovery and what you can do again
Lumbar Spine

Lumbar fusion: what it is, recovery and what you can do again

What lumbar fusion (spinal fixation) is, when it is indicated, what recovery looks like step by step and which activities you can resume.

Reviewed by Dr. Jhon A. Hoyos · · 7 min
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How much herniated disc surgery costs and what it includes
Spine

How much herniated disc surgery costs and what it includes

What the price of herniated disc surgery depends on, what a transparent quote should include and why the right indication avoids the biggest extra cost.

Reviewed by Dr. Jhon A. Hoyos · · 6 min
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Sciatica
Lumbar Spine

Diagnosis and Treatment of Sciatica

Causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests and treatment options for sciatica, from conservative management to minimally invasive surgery.

Reviewed by Dr. Jhon A. Hoyos · · 8 min
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: What It Is, Symptoms and Treatment
Peripheral Nerve

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: What It Is, Symptoms and Treatment

Anatomy of the median nerve, causes, diagnosis with electromyography and ultrasound, and conservative or surgical treatment (open and endoscopic release).

Reviewed by Dr. María Elena Filadoro · · 7 min
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Brain Aneurysm Treatment
Vascular Brain Surgery

Brain Aneurysm Treatment

Diagnosis with CTA and arteriography, endovascular treatment (coiling, flow diverter) and microsurgery (clipping). How the best option is decided.

Reviewed by Dr. Abel Ferrés · · 8 min
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Neurophysiotherapy: Neurological Rehabilitation
Neurological Rehabilitation

Neurophysiotherapy: Neurological Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation following stroke, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury and brain or spine surgery, based on neuroplasticity and therapeutic exercise.

Reviewed by Dr. María Elena Filadoro · · 6 min
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Tumours
Neuro-oncology

Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Tumours

Types of brain tumours, warning signs, MRI and biopsy, awake craniotomy, radiotherapy and the multidisciplinary tumour board.

Reviewed by Dr. Abel Ferrés · · 9 min
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Foraminal Stenosis: What It Is, Symptoms and Treatment
Spine

Foraminal Stenosis: What It Is, Symptoms and Treatment

How it differs from spinal canal stenosis, its causes, cervical and lumbar radiculopathy, diagnosis and conservative or surgical treatment.

Reviewed by Dr. Jhon A. Hoyos · · 8 min
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Minimally Invasive Surgery for Sports Injuries
Minimally Invasive Surgery

Minimally Invasive Surgery for Sports Injuries

Spinal endoscopy, microdiscectomy, percutaneous fusion and robotic assistance to treat sports injuries with rapid recovery.

Reviewed by Dr. Jhon A. Hoyos · · 7 min
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